Comparison Between Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from Bone Marrow, Wharton Jelly in Osteogenic Differentiation

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent cells that exist in multiple prenatal tissues, such as human bone marrow, umbilical cord, gingiva and dental pulp. These MSC have a significant ability to differentiate into multiple cell lineage such as adipose cells, bone cells, and cartilage cells. To evaluate the most potent source of MSC that can produce the most functional and abundant osteoblast; we performed this study. We compared between two sources of MSC Bone marrow (BM) and umbilical cord (UC) MSC, and tried to measure the quality of induced osteoblast through quantifying the levels of alkaline phosphatase activity through measuring the intensity of Alzarian Red stain. The results reported higher levels of alkaline phosphatase activity in UC- MSC than BM MSC. This may give a promising outcome for the therapeutic application of UC MSC in future bone traumas, such as fractures. Also UC MSC could help in several bone diseases, e.g. osteoporosis, or severe bone loss in cases of periodontal diseases. The balance between the osteoblasts and adipose cells that can be induced from UC MSC can be such a tremendous aid in maintaining bone stability and the natural bone turnover.