Diabetic retinopathy detection between the past and the present

Diabetes Mellitus is a collective term for heterogeneous metabolic disorders whose main finding is chronic hyperglycemia. It has several complications that are mainly categorized into microvascular and macrovascular complications. In this article, we focus mainly on diabetic retinopathy, which is a major preventable cause of blindness worldwide. Screening and early detection modalities are the principal interests of researchers in order to stop diabetes complications in the eye. However, most of the known conventional methods are expensive, time-consuming and require high professional expertise. Convenient, rapid and accurate modalities in recent studies are clearly discussed.